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Elektrostatik hasarı önlemek için iki ana yöntem vardır:
1) Cihazın deşarjını engelleyin
2) Statik elektrik seviyesini düşürün.

 
Cihazın Deşarjını Engellemek

Genellikle akıntının normalde uzun mesafelerde meydana gelme olasılığının daha düşük olduğu bilinir. Bu nedenle, boşaltma, yüklenen nesneden yeterli bir mesafeyi koruyarak önlenebilir. İki elektrot arasındaki voltaj yavaşça arttığında, boşalma anında elektrotlar arasındaki voltaj “kırılma voltajı” olarak bilinir. Kırılma gerilimi V [V], aşağıdaki denklemde, hava basıncı p [basınç] ürününün fonksiyonu ve d [mm] elektrotları arasındaki mesafe olarak temsil edilir.

     V = f(pd)

Buna Paschen’in Kanunu denir. Normal hava basıncında, 1mm başına 1kV deşarj üretilir.

Sağdaki grafiğe Paschen’in eğrisi denir. Arıza voltajı ile elektrotlar arasındaki mesafe arasındaki ilişkiyi temsil eder. Yatay eksen, elektrotlar  arasındaki mesafenin hava basıncı çarpımı, dikey eksen ise kırılma voltajıdır. Grafiği iki alana bölmek için eğriyi kullanın. Eğrinin üstündeki alan deşarj alanıdır, eğrinin altındaki alan ise deşarj olmayan bir alandır. Gördüğünüz gibi, mesafe birbirinden uzaklaştıkça arıza voltajı artar.

 
Statik Elektrik Seviyesini Düşürme

Elektrostatik hasarı önlemenin son derece etkili olan yöntemi, çevredeki toplam statik elektrik miktarını azaltmayı içerir. Elektrostatik deşarjdan kaynaklanan hasarları önlemek amacıyla sabit bir statik elektrik seviyesinde tutulan alana ESD Koruma Alanı (EPA) denir. Statik elektriği düşürmek için genellikle aşağıdaki yöntem türleri kullanılır. 

  • Bilek Kayışı

Bu yöntem operatörü sürekli topraklanmış tutarak, statik elektriğin insan vücudunu şarj etmesini önleyebilir. Bir EPA’da, aşağıdaki ifade, bir bilek kayışı takılıyken topraklama direnci koşullarını gösterir.

         0.75 ≤ Rg ≤ 35 [MΩ]

Bir bilek kayışı için gerekli koşullardan biri, bilek kayışının acil bir durumda kolayca çıkarılabilmesidir. Topraklama kablosu, 5 ila 25 N arasında bir kuvvetle çözülecek şekilde ayarlanmalıdır.

Ayrıca, bir bilek kayışı süresiz olarak kullanılamaz. Bu nedenle periyodik muayeneden geçirilmelidir. Denetim için optimum sıklık her kullanımdan öncedir, ancak bu denetimlerin her seferinde yapılması önemli miktarda zaman alabilir. Bu zaman kaybını önlemek için “bilek kayışı monitörü” olarak bilinen bir ürün geliştirildi. Bu monitör bir alarm çalar veya operatörle bağlantı kesilirse elektronik sinyal üretir.

  • İyonizer

Yukarıda tanıtılan yöntemler, kişiyi veya çevredeki cihazları topraklayarak elektrostatik boşalmayı önlemek için kullanılabilir. Bununla birlikte, iş parçası üzerindeki statik elektriğin topraklama ile ortadan kaldırılamadığı birçok durum vardır. Bu durumlarda, en yaygın yöntem bir iyonlaştırıcı kullanmayı içerir. 

  • Türüne bağlı olarak elektrostatik boşalmayı önleme yöntemleri

İnsan Vücut Modeli (HBM): Bilek kayışları, vb.

Makine Modeli (MM): Ürünü topraklama, vb.

Yüklü Cihaz Modeli (CDM): İş parçası üzerindeki statiği ortadan kaldırmak için bir iyonlaştırıcı kullanmak, vb.

Şarj cihazı modeli (CPM), yukarıdaki üç elektrostatik hasar tipinin en yaygın deşarj modelini temsil eder. Bu nedenle, statiği ortadan kaldırmak için bir iyonlaştırıcı kullanmak en etkili yöntemdir.

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