Endüstriyel Kamera Seçimi

Endüstriyel görüntü işleme sistemi seçiminde dikkat edilmesi gerekenler

Bir endüstriyel görüntü işleme sistemi kullanırken, donanım, uygulama özelliklerine ve istenen inceleme ayrıntılarına göre seçilmelidir. Bu yazımızda, en doğru kamera, lens, aydınlatma, kontrolör ve gereken diğer aksesuarların nasıl seçileceğini özetlemektedir.

Endüstriyel Kamera Seçme

Alan kameraları dört ana gruba ayrılır:

  • Yüksek çözünürlüklü modeller
  • Yüksek hızlı modeller
  • Standart modeller 
  • Kompakt modeller

Her modelin renkli veya monokrom olma özelliği vardır. Doğru kamera seçimi, aşağıda özetlenen uygulamaya bağlıdır.

1) Doğruluk gereksinimlerini karşılamak için gerekli piksel sayısını belirleyin.

Ölçüm uygulamalarında piksel başına düşen çözünürlük istenilen ölçüm toleransının 1/10 katı kadar, varlık/yokluk kontrollerinde algılanmak istenilen min. objenin görüş alanında 500 piksel ve üzeri kod okuma uygulamalarında okunacak kodun boyutunun görüş alanının 3/4’ünü kapsayacak şekilde olması kararlı bir görüntü işleme uygulaması için önemlidir. 

2) Uygulamanın ihtiyaçlarına göre aktarım hızını seçin.

Aktarım hızının, yüksek hızlı ve adette üretim yapan proseslerde kameranın görüntü transfer süresi algılanabilecek ürün sayısında önemli bir rolü vardır. Dakikada 200 adet ve üzeri görsel kontrol uygulamalarında yüksek hızlı kameraların kullanılması önemlidir. 

3) Kurulum alanına göre bir kamera boyutu seçin.

Kameranın montaj yapılacağı makinanın ya da yerin sınırlı alanlara sahip olduğu durumlarda kompakt kameranın kullanımı önemlidir. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4) Ne tür bir inceleme gerektiğine bağlı olarak renkli veya siyah/beyaz bir endüstriyel kamera seçin.

Ölçüm uygulamalarında genellikle siyah beyaz bir kamera kullanılırken uygulama durumuna bağlı olarak renkli kameralarla hassas algılamalar gerçekleştirilir. 

Linescan kameraları ve Endüstriyel 3D kameralar

KEYENCE, ince veya küçük kusurları algılayabilen çizgi tarama kameraları da dahil olmak üzere farklı endüstriyel kamera çözümleri de sunar. Ayrıca KEYENCE, tek bir görüntü işleme sisteminde 2D ve 3D eş zamanlı algılamalar gerçekleştirebilen 3D özellikli endüstriyel kamera çözümleri de sunar.

Lens Seçme

Endüstriyel kamera sistemi için doğru lensi seçerken göz önünde bulundurulması gereken çeşitli faktörler vardır. İncelemenin hem görüş alanı (FOV) hem de çalışma mesafesi (WD), görüntü yakalama için doğru lens odak mesafesini belirleyecektir. Bir lens seçerken alan derinliği (odak derinliği aralığı) ve kontrast diğer önemli hususlardır. Genel bir seçim prosedürü aşağıda özetlenmiştir.

(1) Görüntü yakalama boyutuna (FOV) ve kurulum mesafesi gereksinimlerine (WD) göre odak mesafesini belirleyin.

(2) Hedefin yüksekliğine ve şekline göre ihtiyaç duyulan alan derinliğini belirleyin. Değişken yükseklikte yüzeylere ve özelliklere sahip ürünlerde daha fazla alan derinliği gerektirecektir. Çalışma mesafesi arttıkça, odak uzaklığı azaldıkça ve diyafram daraldıkça alan derinliği artacaktır.

(3) Hedefin gerekli inceleme doğruluğuna ve kontrastına göre yüksek çözünürlüklü bir lens veya standart bir lens seçin.

Aydınlatma seçimi

Aydınlatma yönü, rengi ve türü, hedef özellikleri, denetim ihtiyaçları ve çevreleyen ortamın bir kombinasyonu ile belirlenecektir. Aşağıda özetlenen genel bir aydınlatma seçim sürecidir:

1) Aydınlatmanın yönüne karar verin: İnceleme amacı ile hedefin malzemesine ve şekline bağlı olarak, aşağıdaki aydınlatma türlerinden birini seçin:

  • Aynasal yansıma
  • Dağınık yansıma

2) Aydınlatma şekline ve boyutuna karar verin:

Önceki adımda;

Aynasal yansımayı seçiyorsanız, koaksiyel aydınlatma, Ring aydınlatma veya Bar aydınlatmayı seçin.

Dağınık yansımayı seçerseniz, düşük açılı (low angle) aydınlatma, Ring aydınlatma veya Bar aydınlatmayı seçin.

 

(3) Aydınlatmanın rengine (dalga boyu) karar verin: Renkli kamera incelemeleri için beyaz aydınlatma standarttır. Tek renkli kamera incelemeleri için renkli aydınlatma, tamamlayıcı renkler veya dalga boylarını kullanarak görüntü kontrastını geliştirmeye yardımcı olabilir.

Çok işlevli, yüksek performanslı aydınlatma üniteleri

Işığı birden çok yöne, birden çok dalga boyuna, çeşitli desenlere ve diğer yollarla yansıtabilen çok işlevli, yüksek performanslı bir aydınlatma ünitesiyle yeni denetim algoritmalarının kullanılması, geleneksel tek işlevli aydınlatmada yaşanan çeşitli sorunları çözebilir. Parlama giderme, desenli bir arka plan üzerinde yalnızca düzensizliklerin çıkarılması, ince renk farklılıklarının ayırt edilmesi, 3D denetimler ve çoklu denetim öğeleriyle verimli performans gibi zorlu denetim gereksinimlerini karşılamak için gelişmiş aydınlatma kullanılabilir.

İlginizi çekebilir..
Görüntü işleme sistemleri için uygulama örnekleri
Endüstriyel kamera seçiminde sıkça sorulan sorular
Endüstriyel kamera seçimi
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Webinar: Sensörler gelişen performanslarıyla büyülüyor

2D Profilers give width, height, and volume of sealant beads inline without touching a part.

2D/3D Laser Profiler
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Ultra-compact ø8 mm heads make it possible to install multiple heads in narrow spaces. This reduces the amount of work spent designing equipment and the number of parts that need to be purchased to measure multiple points in close proximity.

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Telecentric Measurement System
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Compressible or rough surfaces can be accurately measured using the 2D image generated by the Telecentric Measurement System. Implementing non-contact measurement eliminates error due to part deformation and any variation in diameter due to surface texture can be averaged over to stabilize results.

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2D/3D Laser Profiler
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2D/3D Laser Profiler
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Telecentric Measurement System
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Confocal Displacement Sensor
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Confocal Displacement Sensor
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2D/3D Laser Profiler
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Profile measurement can be continuously performed on captured 3D shapes. This allows pass/fail criteria to be applied to maximum and minimum values over an area or period of time, making it possible to catch small defects in continuous processes.

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Free-form planes allow the system to pick up on deviations from the typical contour of a surface.This makes stable defect detection possible, even for targets with complex shapes.

2D/3D Laser Profiler
LJ-X8000 series

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2D/3D Laser Profiler
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Telecentric Measurement System
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2D/3D Laser Profiler
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2D/3D Laser Profiler
LJ-X8000 series

For targets with different diameters, conventional vision systems often have a hard time focusing on the larger and smaller diameter areas at the same time. Measuring the height of the dents with a laser profiler makes it possible to inspect the whole surface at once.

2D/3D Laser Profiler
LJ-X8000 series

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